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ltc4416/LTC4416-1 4416fa 36v, low loss dual powerpath controllers for large pfets the ltc ? 4416/LTC4416-1 control two sets of external p-channel mosfets to create two near ideal diode functions for power switchover circuits. this permits highly effcient oring of multiple power sources for extended battery life and low self heating. when conducting, the voltage drop across the mosfet is typically 25mv. for applications with a wall adapter or other auxiliary power source, the load is automatically disconnected from the battery when the aux - iliary source is connected. the ltc4416 integrates two interconnected powerpath tm controllers with soft switchover control. the soft-off switchover permits the users to transfer between two dis - similar voltages without excessive voltage undershoot (or v droop ) in the output supply. the ltc4416/LTC4416-1 also contain a fast-on feature that dramatically increases gate drive current when the forward input voltage exceeds 25mv. the ltc4416 fast off feature is engaged when the sense voltage exceeds the input voltage by 25mv. the LTC4416-1 enables the fast off under the same conditions and when the other external p-channel device is selected using the enable pins. the wide operating supply range supports operation from one to eight li-ion cells in series. the low quiescent current (35a per channel) is independent of the load current. the gate driver includes an internal voltage clamp for mosfet protection. the ltc4416/LTC4416-1 are available in low profle 10-lead msop packages. high current powerpath switch industrial and automotive applications uninterruptible power supplies logic controlled power switch battery backup system emergency systems with battery backups designed specifcally to drive large and small q g pfets very low loss replacement for power supply oring diodes wide operating voltage range: 3.6v to 36v C40c to 125c operating temperature range reverse battery protection automatic switching between dc sources low quiescent current: 35a per channel load current sharing mosfet gate protection clamp precision input control comparators for setting switchover threshold points open-drain feedback points for customer specifed hysteresis control minimal external components space saving 10-lead msop package automatic powerpath switchover applica tio s u fea tures descriptio u typical applica tio u , lt, ltc and ltm are registered trademarks of linear technology corporation. powerpath is a trademark of linear technology corporation. all other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. l tc4416 primar y suppl y backup suppl y v2 = 10.8v v1 = 12v (f ail) v1 = 13.5v (restore) sup75p03_07 sup75p03_07 e1 gnd e2 h2 h1 v1 g1 v s g2 v2 24.9k 187k 221k v1 gnd v2 v s 4416 t a01 forward voltage (v) 0.02 0 current (a) 8.0 3.6 constant r on 4416 ta01b 0.5 constant voltage schottky diode ltc4416 ltc4416 vs schottky diode forward voltage drop l tc4416-1 h1 e1 gnd e2 h2 g1 v1 v s v2 g2 182k 24.3k 24.9k gnd v in 187k v th1 with hysteresis v th2 with hysteresis v out to load 4416 t a01c 75k 221k uv enabled at 5v , v in restored to load when v in rises to 5.5v ov enabled at 13.5v , v in restored to load when v in f alls to 12v under and overvoltage shutdown operation
ltc4416/LTC4416-1 4416fa supply voltage (v1, v2) .............................. C14v to 40v voltage from v1 or v2 to v s ....................... C40v to 40v input voltage e1, e2 .................................................... C0.3v to 40v v s ........................................................... C14v to 40v output voltage g1 ....... C0.3v to the higher of v1 + 0.3v or v s + 0.3v g2 ....... C0.3v to the higher of v2 + 0.3v or v s + 0.3v h1, h2 ..................................................... C0.3v to 7v operating ambient temperature range (note 2) ltc4416e ............................................ C40c to 85c ltc4416i ........................................... C40c to 125c operating junction temperature range ................................ C40c to 125c storage temperature range ................... C65c to 150c lead temperature (soldering, 10 sec) .................. 300c (note 1) the denotes the specifcations which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifcations are at t a = 25c. v1 = v2 = 12v, e1 = 2v, e2 = gnd, gnd = 0v. current into a pin is positive and current out of a pin is negative. all voltages are referenced to gnd, unless otherwise specifed. symbol parameter conditions min typ max units v v1 , v v2 , v vs operating supply range v1, v2 and/or v s must be in this range for proper operation 3.6 36 v i qfl quiescent supply current at low supply while in forward regulation v v1 = 3.6v, v v2 = 3.6v. measure combined current at v1, v2 and v s pins averaged with v vs = 3.560v and v vs = 3.6v (note 3) 70 a i qfh quiescent supply current at high supply while in forward regulation v v1 = 36v, v v2 = 36v. measure combined current at v1, v2 and v s pins averaged with v vs = 35.960v and v vs = 36v (note 3) 130 a i qrl quiescent supply current at low supply while in reverse turn-off v v1 = 3.6v, v v2 = 3.6v. measure combined current at v1, v2 and v s pins with v vs = 3.7v 70 a i qrh quiescent supply current at high supply while in reverse turn-off v v1 = 35.9v, v v2 = 35.9v. measure combined current at v1, v2 and v s pins with v vs = 36v 130 a i qcl quiescent supply current at low supply with e1 and e2 active v v1 = 3.6v, v v2 = 3.6v, v v1 C v vs = 0.9v, v e1 = 0v, v e2 = 2v, v1 and v2 measured separately 30 a i qch quiescent supply current at high supply with e1 and e2 active v v1 = 36v, v v2 = 36v, v v1 C v vs = 0.9v, v e1 = 0v, v e2 = 2v, v1 and v2 measured separately 65 a i leak v1, v2 and v s pin leakage currents when other pin supplies power (note 4) v v1 = v v2 = 28v, v vs = 0v. measure i vs C10 C1 1 a v v1 = v v2 = 14v, v vs = C14v. measure i vs C10 C1 1 a v v1 = v v2 = 36v, v vs = 8v. measure i vs C10 C1 1 a powerpath controller v fr powerpath switch forward regulation voltage v v1 , v v2 C v vs , 3.6v v v1 , v v2 36v, c g1 = c g2 = 3nf 10 40 mv v rto powerpath switch reverse turn-off threshold voltage v v1 , v v2 C v vs , 3.6v v v1 , v v2 36v, c g1 = c g2 = 3nf C40 C10 mv v fo powerpath switch forward fast-on voltage comparator threshold v v1 , v v2 C v vs , 6v v v1 , v v2 36v, c g1 = c g2 = 3nf, i g1 , i g2 > 500a 50 125 mv electrical characteristics absolute axi u ra ti gs w w w u package/order i for a tio u u w 1 2 3 4 5 h1 e1 gnd e2 h2 10 9 8 7 6 g1 v1 v s v2 g2 top view ms package 10-lead plastic msop t jmax = 130c, ja = 120c/w order part number ms part marking* ltc4416ems ltc4416ims ltc4416ems-1 ltc4416ims-1 ltcfc ltcfc ltcps ltcps order options tape and reel: add #tr lead free: add #pbf lead free tape and reel: add #trpbf lead free part marking: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/ consult ltc marketing for parts specifed with wider operating temperature ranges. *the temperature grade is identifed by a label on the shipping container.
ltc4416/LTC4416-1 4416fa note 1: stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. exposure to any absolute maximum rating condition for extended periods may affect device reliability and lifetime. note 2: the ltc4416e is guaranteed to meet performance specifcations from 0c to 85c. specifcations over the C40c to 85c operating temperature range are assured by design, characterization and correlation with statistical process controls. the ltc4416i is guaranteed and tested over the C40c to 125c operating temperature range. note 3: this results in the same supply current as would be observed with an external p-channel mosfet connected to the ltc4416 and operating in forward regulation. note 4: only 3 of 9 permutations illustrated. this specifcation is the same when power is provided through v s or v2. this specifcation is only valid when v1, v2 and v s are within 28v of each other. note 5: v1 and v2 are held at 12v and g1 and g2 are forced to 9v. v s is set at 12v to measure the source current at either g1 or g2. note 6: v1 and v2 are held at 12v and g1 and g2 are forced to 9v. v s is set at 11.96v to measure the sink current at either g1 or g2. note 7: v1 and v2 are held at 12v and g1 and g2 are forced to 9v. v s is set at 11.875v to measure the sink current at either g1 or g2. symbol parameter conditions min typ max units g1, g2 controller i g(src) i g(snk) i g(fo) i g(off) gate active forward regulation source current sink current sink current during fast-on source current during fast-off (note 5) (note 6) (note 7) (note 12) C9 15 500 C2 200 C500 a a a a v g(on) g1 and g2 clamp voltage apply i g1 = i g2 = 2a, v v1 = v v2 = 12v, v vs = 11.8v, measure v v1 C v g1 or v v2 C v g2 7.4 8.25 9.1 v v g(off) g1 and g2 off voltage apply i g1 = i g2 = C30a, v v1 = v v2 = 12v, v vs = 12.2v, measure v v1 C v g1 or v v2 C v g2 0.350 0.920 v t g(on) g1 and g2 turn-on time v gs < C6v, c g = 17nf (note 8) 60 s t g(off) g1 and g2 turn-off time v gs > C1.5v, c g = 17nf (note 9) 30 s t e(off) enable comparator turn-off delay (note 14) LTC4416-1 only 6 s h1 and h2 open-drain drivers i h(off) h1 and h2 off current 3.6v v v1 , v v2 36v (note 10) C1 1 a v h(on) h1 and h2 on voltage 3.6v v v1 , v v2 36v (note 10) 100 mv t h(on) h1 and h2 turn-on time (note 11) 5 s t h(off) h1 and h2 turn-off time (note 11) 10 s e1 and e2 enable input comparators v ref e1 and e2 input threshold voltage 3.6v v v1 , v v2 36v, C40c to 85c 4v v v1 , v v2 36v, C40c to 125c 1.180 1.180 1.215 1.215 1.240 1.240 v v i e e1 and e2 input leakage current 0v v e1 , v e2 1.5v C100 100 na i g(enoff) source current when other channel enabled (note 13) ltc4416 LTC4416-1 C9 C500 C3 a a the denotes the specifcations which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifcations are at t a = 25c. v1 = v2 = 12v, e1 = 2v, e2 = gnd, gnd = 0v. current into a pin is positive and current out of a pin is negative. all voltages are referenced to gnd, unless otherwise specifed. electrical characteristics note 8: v1 and v2 are held at 12v and v s is stepped from 12.2v to 11.8v to trigger the event. g1 and g2 voltages are initially v g(off) . note 9: v1 and v2 are held at 12v and v s is stepped from 11.8v to 12.2v to trigger the event. g1 and g2 voltages are initially v g(on) . note 10: h1 and h2 are forced to 2v. e1 and e2 are forced to 1.5v to measure the off current of h1 and h2. h1 and h2 are forced with 1ma to measure the on voltage of h1 and h2. note 11: h1 and h2 are forced to 2v. e1 and e2 are stepped from 1.3v to 1.1v to measure t s(on) . e1 and e2 are stepped from 1.1v to 1.3v to measure t s(off) . note 12: v1 and v2 are held at 12v and g1 and g2 are forced to 9v. v s is set to 12.05v to measure the source current at either g1 or g2. note 13: v1 and v2 are held at 12v and g1 and g2 are forced to 9v. v s is set to 12v to measure the source current at either g1 or g2 when the channel is deselected. note 14: v1 and v2 are held at 12v, v s = 11.96v and g1 and g2 have a 4k resistor each to 9v. measure the delay after the channel is disabled until the gate signal begins to pull high.
ltc4416/LTC4416-1 4416fa typical perfor a ce char ac terist ics u w v rto vs temperature and supply voltage supply voltage (v) 0 20 v fr (mv) 25 30 35 40 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 4416 g01 25 27 c 30 35 40 ?40 c 125 c supply voltage (v) 0 v rto (mv) ?22 ?21 ?20 15 25 40 4416 g0 2 ?23 ?24 ?25 5 1 0 20 30 35 ?40 c 125 c 27 c temperature ( c) ?50 0.80 current (a) 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 ?25 0 2 5 5 0 4416 g03 75 100 125 150 normalized at v in = 3.6v v in = 20v v in = 36v v v1 = v v2 = v vs = v vin 3.6v v vin 36v normalized quiescent supply current vs temperature v fr vs temperature and supply voltage v gn(on) vs temperature and v in v1, v2 and v s pin leakage vs temperature temperature ( c) ?50 current ( a) ?1.00 ?0.75 150 4416 g0 4 ?1.25 ?1.50 0 50 100 ?0.25 ?0.50 i v1 : v v2 , v vs ? v v1 = 28v i v2 : v v1 , v vs ? v v2 = 28v i vs : v v1 , v v2 ? v vs = 28v temperature ( c) ?50 8.65 8.75 8.95 100 4416 g0 5 8.55 8.45 0 5 0 150 8.35 8.25 8.85 v gn(on) (v) v in = 10v i gn = 2 a v v1 = v v2 = v vin v vs = v vin ? 200mv v in = 36v temperature ( c) ?50 v gn(off) (v) 0.20 0.30 150 4416 g0 6 0.10 0 0 50 100 0.50 0.40 i gn = 0 a i gn = ?10 a i gn = ?20 a 3.6v v v1 v v2 36v v vs = v vin + 200mv v gn(off) vs temperature and i gn t g(on) vs temperature t g(off) vs temperature temperature ( c) ?50 t g(on) ( s) 50 75 150 4416 g07 25 0 0 50 100 100 t g(on) ( s) at 10v t g(on) ( s) at 36v c gn = 15nf v vs = v vin ? 200mv 10v v v1 v v2 36v temperature ( c) ?5 0 t g(off) ( s) 35 40 45 150 4416 g0 8 30 25 15 0 50 100 20 55 50 t g(off) ( s) at 10v t g(off) ( s) at 36v c gn = 15nf v vs = v vin + 200mv 10v v v1 v v2 36v
ltc4416/LTC4416-1 4416fa pi fu ctio s u u u h1 (pin 1): open-drain comparator output of the e1 pin. if e1 > v ref , the h1 pin will go high impedance, otherwise the pin will be grounded. the maximum voltage permitted on this pin is 7v. this pin provides support for setting up hysterisis to an external resistor network. e1 (pin 2): ltc4416 comparator enable input. a high signal greater than v ref will enable the v1 path. the ideal diode action will then determine if the v1 path should turn on by controlling any pfet(s) connected to the g1 pin. if the e1 signal is driven low, the v1 path will perform a soft-off provided the pfet(s) are properly confgured for blocking dc current. an internal current sink will pull the e1 pin down when the e1 input exceeds 1.5v. e1 (pin 2): LTC4416-1 comparator enable input. a high signal greater than v ref will enable the v1 path. the ideal diode action will then determine if the v1 path should turn on by controlling any pfet(s) connected to the g1 pin. if the e1 signal is driven low, the v1 path will be quickly disabled by enabling the fast-off feature, pulling the g1 gate high. an internal current sink will pull the e1 pin down when the e1 input exceeds 1.5v. gnd (pin 3): ground. this pin provides a power return path for all the internal circuits. e2 (pin 4): ltc4416 comparator enable input. a low signal less than v ref will enable the v2 path. the ideal diode action will then determine if the v2 path should turn on by controlling any pfet(s) connected to the g2 pin. if the e2 signal is driven high, the v2 path will perform a soft-off provided the pfet(s) are properly confgured for blocking dc current. an internal current sink will pull the e2 pin down when the e2 input exceeds 1.5v. e2 (pin 4): LTC4416-1 comparator enable input. a low signal less than v ref will enable the v2 path. the ideal diode action will then determine if the v2 path should turn on by controlling any pfet(s) connected to the g2 pin. if the e2 signal is driven high, the v2 path will be quickly disabled by enabling the fast-off feature, pulling the g2 gate high. an internal current sink will pull the e2 pin down when the e2 input exceeds 1.5v. h2 (pin 5): open-drain comparator output of the e2 pin. if e2 > v ref , the h2 pin will go high impedance, otherwise the pin will be grounded. the maximum voltage permitted on this pin is 7v. this pin provides support for setting up hysterisis to an external resistor network. g2 (pin 6): second p-channel mosfet power switch gate drive pin. this pin is directed by the second power controller to maintain a forward regulation voltage (v fr ) of 25mv between the v2 and v s pins when v2 is greater than v s . when v2 is less than v s , the g2 pin will pull up to the v s pin voltage, turning off the second p-channel power switch. v2 (pin 7): second input supply voltage. supplies power to the second power controller and the band-gap refer - ence. v2 is one of the two voltage sense inputs to the second internal power controller (the other input to the second internal power controller is the v s pin). this input is usually supplied power from the second, or backup, power source. this pin can be bypassed to ground with a capacitor in the range of 0.1f to 10f if needed to suppress load transients. v s (pin 8): power sense input pin. supplies power to the internal circuitry of both the frst and second power controller and the band-gap reference. this pin is also a voltage sense input to both internal analog controllers (the other input to the frst controller is the v1 pin and the other input to the second controller is the v2 pin.) this input may also be supplied power from an auxiliary source which also supplies current to the load. v1 (pin 9): first input supply voltage. supplies power to the frst power controller and the band-gap reference. v1 is one of the two voltage sense inputs to the frst internal power controller (the other input to the frst internal power controller is the v s pin). this input is usually supplied power from the frst, or primary, power source. this pin can be bypassed to ground with a capacitor in the range of 0.1f to 10f if needed to suppress load transients. g1 (pin 10): first p-channel mosfet power switch gate drive pin. this pin is directed by the frst power controller to maintain a forward regulation voltage (v fr ) of 25mv between the v1 and v s pins when v1 is greater than v s . when v1 is less than v s , the g1 pin will pull up to the v s pin voltage, turning off the frst p-channel power switch.
ltc4416/LTC4416-1 4416fa block diagra w v ref e2 4 v2 7 ? + v ref e1 2 gnd 3 v s 8 v1 9 ? + a2 c2 rail2 rail1 second analog controller band-gap reference i g(src) i g(off) i g2 8.5v g2 h2 i g(snk) i gfon(snk) 6 a1 first analog controller i g(src) i g(off) 8.5v g1 i g(snk) v ref railbg i gfon(snk) 10 4416 bd 5 h1 1 en2 en2 en1 en1 en2 en1 c1 i g1 operation can best be understood by referring to the block diagram which illustrates the internal circuit blocks. the ltc4416/LTC4416-1 are divided into three sections, namely: 1. the channel 1 controller consisting of a1, c1, the frst analog contoller, the g1 drivers and the h1 output driver. 2. the band-gap reference 3. the channel 2 controller consisting of a2, c2, the second analog controller, the g2 drivers and the h2 output driver. each of the three sections has its own derived internal power supply referred to as a rail. rail1 provides power to the channel 1 controller. rail2 provides power to the channel 2 controller. the internal railbg provides power to the band-gap reference. the internal rail1 derives its power from the higher voltage of v1 and v s . the internal rail2 derives its power from the higher voltage of v2 and v s . railbg derives its power from the highest voltage of v1, v2, and v s . all three sections share a common ground connected to the gnd pin. operatio u
ltc4416/LTC4416-1 4416fa operatio u the band-gap reference provides internal bias currents used by the channel 1 and channel 2 controllers. it also provides a precision voltage reference, v ref , used by com - parators c1 and c2. the band-gap reference is powered as long as a minimum operational voltage is present on either v1, v2, or v s . the c1 and c2 comparators provide a fxed comparison between the e1 and e2 inputs, respectively, and the in - ternal v ref signal. the comparator outputs are directly represented by the h1 and h2 open-drain outputs. the output states of h1 and h2 are not dependent upon the relative voltage difference between v v1 C v vs and v v2 C v vs , respectively. if v e1 is less than v ref , the h1 open-drain output will be low impedance to gnd. if v e2 is less than v ref , the h2 open-drain output will be low impedance to gnd. the a1 and a2 circuits act both as a high side transconductance amplifers and as comparators. both a1 and a2 act identically when the analog controllers are fully enabled. the relationship of the g1 current is represented by figure 1. when v v1 C v vs < v rto , the a1 activates the reverse turn- off condition and the i g1 current is i g(off) . when v rto < v v1 C v vs < v fr , the a1 acts as a class a output and the i g1 current is fxed at i g(src) . as the v v1 C v vs voltage v v1 ? v vs 4416 f01 i g1 v rt o v fr v fon i gfon(snk) i g(snk) i g(src) i g(off) not dra wn to scale figure 1. i g1 vs v v1 C v vs approaches the forward regulation voltage, v fr , the i g(snk) current will be proportional to v v1 C v vs . when v v1 C v vs > v fon , the a1 activates the fast-on condition, t g(on) , and the i g1 current is set to i gfon(snk) . ltc4416 o peration the interaction of the ltc4416 analog controllers distin - guish the operation of the ltc4416 from a simple circuit using two powerpath controllers. table 1 explains the different operation modes of the analog controllers. table 1. ltc4416 operational modes e1 e2 operation mode i g(off)1 i g(off)2 1 0 load sharing enabled enabled 1 sense v1 is less than v2 enabled sense 0 v1 is greater than v2 enabled 0 x channel 1 disabled. do not use disabled x 1 channel 2 disabled. do not use disabled 0 1 both channels disabled disabled disabled the ltc4416 has six modes of operation. each mode of operation is dependent upon the confguration of the e1 and e2 input pins. load sharing operation the load sharing mode confgures the ltc4416 into two independent powerpath controllers. this is accomplished by fully enabling both the frst analog controller and the second analog controller. both channels will implement the gate drive outlined in figure 1. v1 is less than v2 operation channel 1 is fully enabled. if v v1 C v vs < v rto , channel 1 will implement all of the i g1 currents listed in figure 1. when v e2 is above the v ref threshold, channel 2 is in a soft-off mode. this means that g2 will only provide an i g(src) current instead of either an i g(src) or an i g(off) current. when v e2 is below the v ref threshold, channel 2 is fully enabled, and g2 will become active implementing the i g output current listed in figure 1.
ltc4416/LTC4416-1 4416fa v1 is greater than v2 operation when v e1 is below the v ref threshold, channel 1 is in a soft-off mode. this means that g1 will only provide an i g(src) current instead of an i g(snk) or an i gfon(snk) current. when v e1 is above the v ref threshold, channel 1 is im - mediately fully enabled, and g1 will become active imple - menting the output current listed in figure 1. channel 2 is fully enabled. if v v1 C v vs < v rto , channel 2 will implement all of the i g2 currents listed in figure 1. channel 1 is disabled the ltc4416 is not designed to have channel 1 disabled by grounding e1 and leaving e2 in an indeterminate state. if this happens, the channel 2 powerpath controller will not have reverse turn-off capability. no electrical harm to the ltc4416 will occur. channel 2 is disabled the ltc4416 is not designed to have channel 2 disabled by connecting e2 high and leaving e1 in an indeterminate state. if this happens, the channel 1 powerpath controller will not have reverse turn-off capability. no electrical harm to the ltc4416 will occur. both channels disabled when both channels of the ltc4416 are disabled, both g1 and g2 currents are set to i g(src) . LTC4416-1 o peration the LTC4416-1 is designed for overvoltage/undervoltage protection or when either voltage path must be turned off rapidly, regardless of the status of the other voltage input. the LTC4416-1 does not implement the soft-off feature implemented in the ltc4416. the e1 and e2 inactive will force the i g current of their respective channel to i g(off) . table 2 explains the operation of the e1 and e2 inputs. the term active implies that i g(off) current is forced on the gn pins regardless of the v vn C v vs value. the term enabled implies that i g(off) current is provide on the gn pins if and only if v vn C v vs < v rto . table.2 LTC4416-1 operational modes e1 e2 operation mode i g(off)1 i g(off)2 0 x undervoltage protection active x 1 overvoltage protection active 1 x channel 1 powerpath enabled x 0 channel 2 powerpath enabled ltc4416 the ltc4416 is designed to support three major ap - plications. the frst two applications assume that v1 is the primary power source and v2 is the backup power source. the frst application is where the v1 power supply is normally less than v2. the second application is where the v1 power supply is normally greater than v2. the third application addresses the load sharing case where both v1 and v2 are relatively equal in value. v1 is less than v2 figure 2 illustrates the external resistor confguration for this case. figure 2 operatio u applica tio s i for a tio w u u u l tc4416 primar y suppl y backup suppl y v2 = 14.4v v1 = 9v (f ail) v1 = 10.8v (restore) q1 sup75p03_07 sup75p03_07 e1 h1 gnd e2 h2 v1 g1 v s g2 v2 r2e 105k r2c 24.9k r2a 158k v1 gnd v2 v s q2 q3 4416 f02
ltc4416/LTC4416-1 4416fa applica tio s i for a tio w u u u this confguration would be used where v1 is a 12v power supply and the v2 power supply is a 4-cell li-ion battery pack. when v1 is 12v, e2 disables the v2 source from being connected to v s through q2a and q2b by forcing g2 to v2, h2 is open circuit. e1 is connected to a voltage greater than the v ref to keep the v1 to v s path active. the v s output can be shut completely off by grounding the e1 input. the ltc4416 takes its power from the higher of v1, v2 and v s . this confguration will provide power from v1 to v s until the v1 supply drops below 9v. when v1 drops below 9v, the h2 pin closes to gnd, g2 drops to a v clamp below v2 and g1 rises to the v s volt - age level. v2 will supply current to v s until v1 rises above 10.8v. the h1 output will be open until the e1 input drops below the v ref voltage level. the v1 v fail is determined by: v v r a r c r c v k k fa il eth = + = + ? . ? . . 2 2 2 1 222 158 24 9 24 9 k k v = 8 9 8 . the v1 v restore is determined by: v v r a r c r e r c r e v re st ore eth = + ( ) ( ) = ? . ? 2 2 2 2 2 1 222 1 5 58 24 9 105 24 9 105 10 81 k k k k k v + ( ) = . . . v1 is greater than v2 figure 3 illustrates the external resistor confguration for this case. this confguration would be used where v1 is a 12v power supply and the v2 power supply is a 3-cell li-ion battery pack. when v1 is 16v, e1 enables the v1 source as being the primary supply, thus disabling the v2 supply since v1 > v2. when e1 > v ref , the h1 output is open. the v s output can be shut completely off by grounding the h1 input and forcing e2 > v ref . the ltc4416 takes its power from the higher of v1, v2 and v s . this confguration will provide power from v1 to v s until the v1 supply drops below 12v. when v1 drops below 12v, the h1 pin closes to gnd, g2 drops to a v clamp below v2 and g1 rises to the v1 voltage level. v2 will supply current to v s until v1 rises above 13.5v. the h2 output will be shorted to gnd until the e2 input goes above the v ref voltage level. the v1 v fail is determined by: v v r a r c r c v k k fa il eth = + = + ? . ? . . 1 1 1 1 222 221 24 9 24 9 k k v = 12 07 . the v1 v restore is determined by: v v r a r c r d r c r d v re st ore eth = + ( ) ( ) = ? . ? 1 1 1 1 1 1 222 2 2 21 24 9 187 24 9 187 13 51 k k k k k v + ( ) = . . . load sharing figure 4 illustrates the confguration for this case. this confguration would be used where v1 and v2 are relatively the same voltage. in this case the ltc4416 acts as two interconnected ideal diode controllers. v s will be supplied by the higher of the two supplies, v1 and v2. if v1 and v2 are exactly the same, then 50% of the current for v s will be supplied by each supply. as the two supplies l tc4416 primar y suppl y backup suppl y v2 = 10.8v v1 = 12v (f ail) v1 = 13.5v (restore) sup75p03_07 q1 q2 q3 sup75p03_07 e1 gnd e2 h2 h1 v1 g1 v s g2 v2 r1d 187k r1c 24.9k r1a 221k v1 gnd v2 v s 4416 f03 figure 3
ltc4416/LTC4416-1 0 4416fa differ by more than 100mv, 100% of the load will come from the higher of v1 or v2. the user has the option of using e1 and e2 to disable one of the two supplies by connecting them to a digital controller. if e1 is brought low, v1 will no longer supply current to v s . if e2 is brought high, v2 will no longer sup - ply current to v s . if e1 is brought low and e2 is brought high, v s will be disabled. figure 5 shows the same application without the shut - down option. it has one-half the losses of figure 4 and is confgured for 5v rails. disabled. this rapid turn-off feature is desirable when the supply cannot tolerate certain voltage excursions under load, or when the load is being protected from a rapidly changing input supply. under and overvoltage shutdown refer to figure 6 for an application circuit which disables the power to the load when the input voltage gets too low or too high. when v in starts from zero volts, the load to the output is disabled until v in reaches 5.5v. the v1 path is enabled and the load remains on the input until the supply exceeds 13.5v. at that voltage, the v2 path is disabled. as the input falls, the voltage source will be reconnected to the load when the input drops to 12v and the v2 path is enabled. finally, the load will be removed from the input supply when the voltage drops below 5v. applica tio s i for a tio w u u u l tc4416 v2 = 12v v1 = 12v si7483adp si7483adp e1 h1 gnd e2 h2 v1 g1 v s g2 v2 v1 gnd to host controller e1 e2 v2 v s q3 q4 q1 q2 4416 f04 l tc4416 suppl y 2 suppl y 1 q2 si7495dp q1 si7495dp h1 e1 gnd e2 h2 v1 g1 v s g2 v2 v1 5v v2 5v v s 5v 4416 f05 figure 4 figure 5. dual powerpath for current sharing LTC4416-1 the LTC4416-1 will support all three of the ltc4416 applications without the soft-off feature. the only dif - ference in the two designs is the LTC4416-1 will rapidly switch off the load from a supply whenever a channel is l tc4416-1 h1 e1 gnd e2 h2 g1 v1 v s v2 g2 r1d 182k r1c 24.3k r2c 24.9k gnd v in r2e 187k v th1 with hysteresis v th2 with hysteresis v out to load 4416 f06 r1a 75k r2a 221k uv enabled at 5v , v in restored to load when v in rises to 5.5v ov enabled at 13.5v , v in restored to load when v in f alls to 12v figure 6 undervoltage v v r a r c r c v k k k fa il eth = + = + ? . ? . . 1 1 1 1 222 75 24 3 24 3 = = 4 9 9 . v v v r a r c r d r c r d v re st ore eth = + ( ) ( ) = ? . ? 1 1 1 1 1 1 222 7 5 5 2 4 3 182 24 3 182 5 497 k k k k k v + ( ) = . . .
ltc4416/LTC4416-1 4416fa overvoltage v v r a r c r e r c r e v k fa il eth = + = ? || || . ? 2 2 2 2 2 1 222 221 + + = 24 9 187 24 9 187 13 51 . | | . | | . k k k k v v v r a r c r c v k k re st ore eth = + = + ? . ? . 2 2 2 1 222 221 24 9 2 4 4 9 12 07 . . k v = the over and undervoltage lockout circuits are shown here working in tandem. it is possible to confgure the circuit for either over or undervoltage lockout by using only one of the voltage paths and eliminating the components from the other. refer to figure 7 for an LTC4416-1 confgured for overvotlage protection. if the input does not go below ground, transistor q1 can be eliminated. the LTC4416-1 should be used in this confguration rather than the ltc4416 because the LTC4416-1 will turn-off rapidly if an over or undervoltage condition is detected. refer to figure 8 for a comparison of the transient response of the two ics using the circuit confguration of figure 6. the ltc4416 will not turn-off quickly in an overvoltage or undervoltage condition because the fast-off feature is not enabled. this will cause the output to travel beyond the desired range. applica tio s i for a tio w u u u figure 9 contains a rapidly changing input voltage on a much smaller time scale in comparison to figure 8. the ltc4416 will require the t e(off) time prior to the rapid pull- up current being applied. the gate voltage will be pulled high with i g(off) which has a minimum current of 500a. the discharge time of the gate will be dependent on the capacitance of the external fet and the initial gate-source voltage of the circuit. the total time delay will equal: t t t t c v i d ela y e of f d i sch a rge e o ff gs g = + = + ( ) ( ) ( ? ? o of f) figure 8. transient response of the ltc4416 vs the LTC4416-1 light load with a large capacitor on v out figure 9. close up of the transient response of the LTC4416-1 to a rapidly rising input information furnished by linear technology c orporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is assumed for its use. linear technology c orporation makes no represen- tation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. figure 7. LTC4416-1 confgured for overvoltage protection l tc4416-1 h1 e1 gnd e2 h2 g1 v1 v s v2 g2 r2c 24.9k gnd v in r2e 187k v th2 with hysteresis v out to load 4416 f07 r1a 100k q1 q2 r2a 221k 5 0 0 2 0 v in v out l tc4416-1 v out l tc4416 40 time (ms) 4416 f08 60 80 10 vol t age (v) 15 20 v out l tc4416-1 v out l tc4416 13.40 13.45 l tc4416-1 ga te discharge time = c 13.50 13.55 13.60 v in l tc4416 0 0 1 0 2 0 time ( s) 4416 f09 30 5 1 5 t e(off) 25 35 40 vol t age (v) ? v i g(off)
ltc4416/LTC4416-1 4416fa linear technology corporation 1630 mc c arthy blvd., milpitas, c a 95035-7417 (408) 432-1900 fax : (408) 434-0507 www.linear.com ? linear technology corporation 2005 lt 0507 rev a ? printed in usa related parts part number description comments ltc1473 dual powerpath switch driver switches and isolates sources up to 30v ltc1479 powerpath controller for dual battery systems complete powerpath management for two batteries; dc power source, charger and backup ltc1558/ltc1559 back-up battery controller with programmable output adjustable backup voltage from 1.2v nicd button cell, includes boost converter lt ? 1579 300ma dual input smart battery back-up regulator maintains output regulation with dual inputs, 0.4v dropout at 300ma ltc1733/ltc1734 monolithic linear li-ion chargers thermal regulation, no external mosfet/sense resistor ltc1998 2.5a, 1% accurate programmable battery detector adjustable trip voltage/hysteresis, thinsot tm ltc4055 usb power controller and li-ion linear charger automatic battery switchover, thermal regulation, accepts wall adapter and usb power, 4mm 4mm qfn ltc4066 usb power controller and battery charger charges single cell li-ion batteries directly from a usb port, thermal regulation, 50m ideal diode, 4mm 4mm qfn24 package ltc4085 usb power manager with ideal diode controller and li-ion charger charges single cell li-ion batteries directly from a usb port, thermal regulation, 200m ideal diode <50m option, 4mm 3mm dfn14 package ltc4354 negative voltage diode-or controller and monitor replaces power schottky diodes; 80v operation ltc4410 usb power manager in thinsot enables simultaneous battery charging and operation of usb component peripheral devices ltc4411 sot-23 ideal diode 2.6a forward current, 28mv regulated forward voltage ltc4412hv 36v, low loss powerpath controller in msop C40c to C125c operation; automatic switching between dc sources ltc4413 dual 2.6a, 2.5v to 5.5v ideal diodes in 3mm 3mm dfn 100m on resistance, 1a reverse leakage current, 28mv regulated forward voltage ltc4414 36v, low loss powerpath controller for large pfets drives large q g pfets, very low loss replacement for power supply oring diodes, 3.5v to 36v ac/dc adapter voltage range, msop-8 package thinsot is a trademark of linear technology corporation. package descriptio u msop (ms) 0603 0.53 0.152 (.021 .006) seating plane 0.18 (.007) 1.10 (.043) max 0.17 C 0.27 (.007 C .011) typ 0.127 0.076 (.005 .003) 0.86 (.034) ref 0.50 (.0197) bsc 1 2 3 4 5 4.90 0.152 (.193 .006) 0.497 0.076 (.0196 .003) ref 8 9 10 7 6 3.00 0.102 (.118 .004) (note 3) 3.00 0.102 (.118 .004) (note 4) note: 1. dimensions in millimeter/(inch) 2. drawing not to scale 3. dimension does not include mold flash, protrusions or gate burrs. mold flash, protrusions or gate burrs shall not exceed 0.152mm (.006") per side 4. dimension does not include interlead flash or protrusions. interlead flash or protrusions shall not exceed 0.152mm (.006") per side 5. lead coplanarity (bottom of leads after forming) shall be 0.102mm (.004") max 0.254 (.010) 0 C 6 typ detail a detail a gauge plane 5.23 (.206) min 3.20 C 3.45 (.126 C .136) 0.889 0.127 (.035 .005) recommended solder p ad la yout 0.305 0.038 (.0120 .0015) typ 0.50 (.0197) bsc ms package 10-lead plastic msop (reference lt c dwg # 05-08-1661)

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